现代物流管理的可持续发展

物流业作为第三利润已经成为新兴重要产业，加快发展的同时必须注意经济效益和环境效益的统一，把发展绿色物流作为推进可持续发展的一个方面加以落实。因此，有必要对现代物流在可持续发展背景下做系统深入地研究。     

香港地铁自动售检票系统运营管理分析

通过赴香港地铁考察的经历,基于香港地铁AFC自动售检票系统多年运营的经验,分析香港地铁的换乘模式、设备个性化以及票务管理模式。着重从人性化细节服务的设置情况,分析香港地铁一切以乘客为中心的宗旨,并阐述ERP在香港地铁的成功应用。     

成都铁路局系统提升卸车能力的研究与实践

针对近年来成都铁路局运输能力日渐紧张的状况,分析影响区域卸车能力的主要因素:通道输送能力、技术站解编能力、货运站作业能力等,提出通过扩能改造通道输送能力,提升枢纽解编能力和货场作业能力,提高卸车综合能力利用率等对策,以全面提升成都铁路局的卸车能力.     

科学发展模式对经济效益影响的几点建议

落实科学发展观,采用科学发展模式,关键在于结合实际、统筹兼顾、协调发展,将信心和动力通过实际工作转化为经济效益。此文以施工管理和节约能耗为例,阐述大型工程建设应优化资源配置,按施工组织设计配备各类人员,各类材料要按规领取,节约使用和有序囤放。工程管理中应根据建设规模合理选定现场检测点,以节约路途时间和能耗,增加经济效益。     

公共交通系统营运可靠性研究

优先发展公共交通是大城市解决交通拥堵,实现城市交通可持续发展的一项重要措施,然而,公交营运水平的低下制约着公交的发展。本文借鉴可靠性理论对公共交通营运可靠性进行定义,并对公交营运时间和乘客服务可靠性分别进行了描述,据此建立起公交系统营运可靠性模型,然后采用随机模拟技术(即Monte Carlo模拟)进行求解,通过算例说明模型的可行性,最后通过分析可靠性模型得出大型活动期间改善公交营运的途径。     

Economic Outcomes for Harvesters under the West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program: Have Goals and Objectives Been Met?

Abstract

The West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program was designed to achieve multiple economic goals and objectives, including increasing net benefits, profitability, flexibility, and utilization of harvest allocations. In this article, we leverage seven years of comprehensive cost and earnings data to evaluate progress towards these goals with a focus on harvesters. Our assessment shows that five years post-implementation, net benefits to the nation have doubled, and indicators of productivity and profitability have increased. The fleet that targets Pacific whiting has seen the largest gains, due in part to increases in total allowable catch and the elimination of the race-to-fish. However, increased revenues have not been realized to the degree that was expected for harvesters targeting non-whiting groundfish, partly due to lower than predicted consolidation and relatively low quota utilization. Economic outcomes indicate that tradeoffs exist between certain objectives of the program, specifically between achieving full utilization and flexibility for harvesters. Results are discussed in the context of the design and evaluation of catch share programs for diverse, multispecies fisheries.     

农村公路建设的社会经济效益分析

农村公路的社会经济效益是评价项目实施效果的重要依据。在分析了农村公路社会经济效益的产生机理的基础上,建立了一套较完善的农村公路社会经济效益评价指标体系。以浙江省"乡村康庄工程"项目为例,对本文建立的体系进行了检验,取得了较好的使用效果。     

微观交通分布式并行仿真系统设计与效益分析

为了提高交通网络仿真的速度和效率,从挖掘交通网络仿真的并行性出发,设计了分布式并行仿真系统的结构和仿真算法,通过比较选择PVM(Parallel Virtual Machine)作为并行计算的编程环境,提出基于车辆数的网络分割算法和数据时钟同步的通讯方式,使并行仿真达到负载平衡。用程序执行时间、加速比、并行效率和可扩展性4个测度指标来评价算法的并行效益,并以24个交叉口组成的交通网络为例,应用设计的并行算法在不同处理器数目下进行仿真。试验结果显示并行仿真速度比串行仿真提高了3.5倍,因此,这种并行算法提高了交通网络仿真的速度和效率,为实现更大规模的交通仿真奠定了基础。     

Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.